Breaking Cases

Published on: December 18, 2024

Investor Losses Involving T-Rex 2X Inverse Nvidia Daily Target ETFs

The T-Rex 2X Inverse Nvidia Daily Target ETF (NVDQ) has recently caused significant losses for investors. This Exchange Traded Fund or ETF, which aims to capitalize on declines in Nvidia’s stock, was recommended by some financial advisors as a strategic investment for clients seeking to profit from the tech giant’s perceived downturn. However, as Nvidia’s stock price surged, this leveraged inverse ETF led to substantial losses.

Leveraged and inverse ETFs like the T-Rex 2X are intended for short-term, tactical trades. Despite this, financial advisors recommended the product to customers without fully explaining the complexities and risks involved, particularly the daily resetting feature that compounds return over time. For investors who held the ETF for extended periods, this investment product’s inverse structure led to significant losses as Nvidia’s stock rose instead of falling.

Financial advisors have duties to recommend investments that are suitable to their clients and perform due diligence on the investment products they recommend and sell to investors. If your financial advisor recommended that you invest in T-Rex 2X Inverse Nvidia Daily Target ETF, you may have a claim to recover your investment losses.

Published on: November 8, 2024

Court Reaffirms Ruling That Morgan Stanley’s Deferred Compensation Plans are ERISA Plans, Denies Morgan Stanley’s Motion to Reconsider

By Lax & Neville LLP

On November 5, 2024, Judge Paul G. Gardephe of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York denied Morgan Stanley’s motion to reconsider and, in a detailed opinion, reaffirmed his November 21, 2023 ruling that Morgan Stanley’s deferred compensation plans are ERISA plans.

Last year, Judge Gardephe held that Morgan Stanley’s Compensation Incentive Plan and Equity Incentive Plan are “individual account plans” for the purposes of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), a ruling that would require the Plans to comply with ERISA’s statutory protections for employee plan participants. On December 5, 2023, Morgan Stanley moved for “reconsideration and/or clarification” of the Court’s ruling, arguing that (i) the Court overstepped its authority and (ii) factual issues precluded the Court’s determination that Morgan Stanley’s Plans are governed by ERISA. On May 24, 2024 Morgan Stanley took the unusual step of seeking a writ of mandamus from the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, which the Second Circuit denied on August 27, 2024.

In his November 5, 2024 Order, Judge Gardephe examined Morgan Stanley’s arguments at length and rejected them, finding that Morgan Stanley’s contention that this Court committed “clear error” in deciding the ERISA coverage question is “disingenuous and incorrect” and that “[t]he issue of ERISA’s applicability to [Morgan Stanley’s] deferred compensation programs has been front and center since this lawsuit was filed in 2020.” Considering whether testimony proffered by Morgan Stanley in a separate arbitration precluded the Court’s determination that the Plans are governed by ERISA, Judge Gardephe found the testimony “irrelevant” because the question of whether a plan is governed by ERISA is determined from the plan documents. Judge Gardephe again rejected Morgan Stanley’s argument that the deferred compensation plans fall within the U.S. Department of Labor’s bonus regulation and reaffirmed his prior ruling that “Morgan Stanley’s deferred compensation programs are ERISA plans.”

Published on: October 11, 2024

Investigation of Claims involving Investment Losses in Auto-Callable Notes

By Lax & Neville LLP

Lax & Neville LLP is investigating claims against brokerage firms for the sale of auto-callable notes to customers or investors.

An auto-callable note is a complex, highly risky structured product that can result in a complete loss of principal. Financial advisors at brokerage firms are highly incentivized to recommend these structured products to their customers despite the facts that these auto-callable notes may neither be suitable nor in the best interests for their customers.

Prior to recommending these investment products to investors, financial advisors are required to fully explain the details and risks of these complex investment products, such as, illiquidity due to the highly customized nature of the investment; market risk, including market volatility or changes in the underlying stock or index; and credit risks, including defaulting on its debt obligations, which could expose investors to lose some, or all, of the principal amount they invested as well as any other payments that may be due on the structured notes.

Published on: May 21, 2024

Lax & Neville LLP Pursuing Unpaid Deferred Compensation Claims Against Merrill Lynch

By Lax & Neville LLP

On April 30, 2024, a class action was filed against Merrill Lynch in the Western District Court of North Carolina to recover the deferred compensation that Merrill Lynch cancelled upon Plaintiffs’ voluntary resignation. While we believe there are strong claims against Merrill Lynch for violation of ERISA, we believe that they must be arbitrated at FINRA. See Regulatory Notice 16-25 here. Lax & Neville is pursuing arbitration claims on behalf of former Merrill Lynch advisors for their cancelled deferred compensation comprised of both Long-Term Incentive (LTI) Cash Plans/WealthChoice and Restricted Stock Units (RSUs).

In a similarly situated class action, Shafer, et. al. v. Morgan Stanley, et. al., the Plaintiffs, former Morgan Stanley financial advisors, sued Morgan Stanley in December 2020 to recover their deferred compensation, which was cancelled by Morgan Stanley when those advisors voluntarily resigned. Morgan Stanley moved to compel those advisors’ claims to FINRA arbitration. On November 21, 2023, almost three years after the filing of the Complaint, the Federal Court granted Morgan Stanley’s motion requiring any Morgan Stanley advisor who wants to recover their deferred compensation to file FINRA arbitration claims against Morgan Stanley. See the Court’s Order and Opinion here. For more information on the Morgan Stanley decision, see here.

Our firm has extensive experience successfully pursuing deferred compensation claims in FINRA arbitration. Most recently, we have won more than $35 million in unpaid deferred compensation, interest, costs, and attorneys’ fees for more than two dozen former Credit Suisse investment advisers, and we represent dozens of Morgan Stanley financial advisors seeking to recover their deferred compensation.

Published on: December 1, 2023

Lax & Neville files FLSA overtime collective and class action against Bank of America on behalf of Loan Officers

By Lax & Neville LLP

Lax & Neville LLP has filed a federal lawsuit in the Western District of North Carolina against Bank of America Corporation and Bank of America N.A. (“BOA”) on behalf of loan or mortgage officers who worked in locations across the country. The action for unpaid overtime and minimum wage is brought under the Fair Labor Standards Act (“FLSA”) and state labor statutes and seeks certification of an FLSA collective and class action. The Complaint can be viewed here.

If you are a current or former BOA loan or mortgage officer who would like to speak to Lax & Neville about this matter, please click here.

Published on: November 22, 2023

Court Compels Morgan Stanley Advisors to Arbitrate for Their Deferred Compensation at FINRA

By Lax & Neville LLP

Today, the Southern District of New York granted Morgan Stanley’s motion to compel arbitration in the class action Shafer, et. al. v. Morgan Stanley, et. al. (Case 1:20-cv-11047-PGG).

Plaintiffs, former Morgan Stanley financial advisors, sued Morgan Stanley asserting that Morgan Stanley violated the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”) by not paying Plaintiffs all of their deferred compensation when they resigned from Morgan Stanley, and Morgan Stanley moved to compel arbitration on June 29, 2022. The Court’s decision forces Plaintiffs and any similarly situated former Morgan Stanley financial advisor to file their claims for unpaid deferred compensation in FINRA Arbitration.

In its opinion, the Court held that Morgan Stanley’s Compensation Incentive Plan and Equity Incentive Plan are ERISA plans and “‘individual account plans,’” which under ERISA “means a pension plan which provides for an individual account for each participant and for benefits based solely upon the amount contributed to the participant’s account….” (Order, p. 44). The Court’s holding may significantly strengthen FINRA arbitration claims against Morgan Stanley, which primarily depend on the applicability, and Morgan Stanley’s violation, of ERISA.

Published on: April 27, 2023

Ex-Merrill Financial Advisor Suspended and Fined for Violating FINRA Rule 2010 When He Took Photographs of Client’s Non-Public Information Before Leaving Firm

By Lax & Neville LLP

Recently, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) Department of Enforcement fined and suspended an ex-Merrill registered financial advisor, who had been in the industry for nearly 35 years, for breaching FINRA Rule 2010 and firm policy by violating his duty to maintain the confidentiality of a customer’s nonpublic information. Merrill Lynch’s Employment Agreement also requires a financial advisor to preserve the confidentiality of nonpublic customer information and refrain from taking and disclosing such information upon termination of their employment. Customers’ nonpublic information, including dates of birth, social security and driver’s license numbers, account numbers, and tax information, is also protected under Regulation S-P. FINRA Letter of Acceptance, Waiver, and Consent No. 2021071850601, 2 (2021).

The financial advisor’s violative conduct consisted of taking pictures of confidential client information from the Merrill Lynch electronic systems. According to FINRA, the advisor took photographs, which contained customers’ names, dates of birth, social security numbers, and account numbers, for approximately 35 clients and advised the junior members of his team to take similar photos for at least 100 other customers. These photos were taken in anticipation of transitioning to another brokerage firm. When the advisor and his team resigned from Merrill Lynch, they retained the nonpublic personal information of customers. The information “was secured by the firm through which [the advisor] had become registered, and the firm returned the customers’ nonpublic personal information to Merrill Lynch prior to its use.” Id.

The advisor executed a letter of Acceptance, Waiver, and Consent (“AWC”) wherein he accepted the finding of a violation, consented to the imposition of sanction, and agreed to waive the right to a hearing before any panel, court, or administrative body. The FINRA AWC states that the Merrill Lynch advisor “improperly retained the customers’ nonpublic personal information” when transitioning to a new firm in violation of FINRA Rule 2010. Id. FINRA suspended the financial advisor for 10 workdays and fined him $5,000.

Published on: September 22, 2022

CALIFORNIA AND ILLINOIS COURTS CONFIRM $10 MILLION AWARD AND $9.5 MILLION AWARD AGAINST CREDIT SUISSE FOR UNPAID DEFERRED COMPENSATION

By Lax & Neville LLP

On September 9, 2022, the Superior Court of the State of California entered judgment on a FINRA Arbitration Award against Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, ordering it to pay more than $10 million to seven investment advisors formerly employed in the Los Angeles and San Francisco branches of its now-closed US private bank. This follows the July 8, 2022 decision of the Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois confirming an award against Credit Suisse and entering a $9.5 million judgment for eight advisors in Chicago.

These fifteen advisors are among the more than three hundred Credit Suisse laid off when it closed its US private bank in 2015. Credit Suisse purported to “cancel” the more than $200 million in earned and vested deferred compensation it owed its three hundred advisors by claiming each of them voluntarily resigned at the same time Credit Suisse was closing their branches and eliminating their positions. The FINRA Panels in Los Angeles and Chicago, like eight other FINRA Panels thus far, unanimously found that Credit Suisse terminated the advisors without cause, breached their employment agreements, and violated their respective states’ labor laws, the California Labor Code (“CLC”) and Illinois Wage Payment and Collection Act (“IWPCA”). The FINRA Panels ordered Credit Suisse to pay the deferred compensation, statutory interest and penalties, and a total of more than $2 million in attorneys’ fees and costs.

Credit Suisse subsequently petitioned to vacate the FINRA Panels’ Awards. Among other grounds, Credit Suisse contended that the FINRA Panels exceeded their authority when they determined that Credit Suisse had violated the labor law and awarded statutory attorneys’ fees. The California and Illinois Courts disagreed, denying the petitions to vacate in all respects and confirming the Awards, including the labor law violations and more than $2 million in attorneys’ fees and costs.

Published on: February 24, 2022

Advisor Talk with Frank LaRosa – Legal Tips For Financial Advisors Considering a Transition with Brian Neville

By Lax & Neville LLP

CLICK HERE TO LISTEN TO PODCAST

Need legal tips for your financial advisor practice? Recent media coverage of an advisor’s transition from RBC to UBS and then back to RBC has shone a light on the legal missteps an advisor can make when moving their book of business to a new firm partner. In this episode, Elite Consulting Partners CEO Frank LaRosa is joined by Brian Neville, Founding Partner of Lax & Neville LLP, for a discussion that puts their substantial combined industry expertise to work and tackles the broad topic of the legal side of transitions, providing advisors with insights that prove practical and actionable.

Topics covered in the conversation include:

Published on: January 27, 2022

Lax & Neville has Won More Than $30 Million for Former Credit Suisse Advisers Seeking Deferred Compensation in FINRA Arbitrations

By Lax & Neville LLP

Lax & Neville LLP has successfully brought claims on behalf of former Credit Suisse investment advisers for their portion of the over $200 million of deferred compensation that Credit Suisse refused to pay its advisors when it closed its US private bank in 2015, violating the advisers’ employment agreements and the firm’s own deferred compensation plans. Nine have gone to award thus far, including seven brought by Lax & Neville LLP totaling 172 hearing days and resulting in awards of more than $30 million to 25 former Credit Suisse advisers. See Prezzano et al. vs. Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, FINRA No. 19-02974, Hutchinson et al. vs. Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, FINRA No. 16-02825, Galli, et al. v. Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, FINRA No. 17-01489; DellaRusso and Sullivan v. Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, FINRA No. 17-01406; Lerner and Winderbaum v. Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, FINRA No. 17-00057; Finn v. Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, FINRA No. 17-01277; and Chilton v. Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, FINRA No. 16-03065. All nine FINRA arbitration panels, three New York Supreme Court Commercial Division Judges (Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC v. Finn, Index No. 655870/2018 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 2019); Lerner and Winderbaum v. Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Index No. 652771/2019 (N.Y. Sup. Ct.), Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC v. DellaRusso and Sullivan, Index No. 657268/2019 (N.Y. Sup. Ct.)), and a unanimous panel of the New York Appellate Division have found for the advisers and ordered Credit Suisse to pay the deferred compensation it owes them.

Lax & Neville LLP has won more than $30 million in compensatory damages, interest, costs, and attorneys’ fees on behalf of former Credit Suisse investment advisers. To discuss these FINRA arbitration Awards, please contact Barry R. Lax, Brian J. Neville, Sandra P. Lahens or Robert R. Miller at (212) 696-1999.