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The T-Rex 2X Inverse Nvidia Daily Target ETF (NVDQ) has recently caused significant losses for investors. This Exchange Traded Fund or ETF, which aims to capitalize on declines in Nvidia’s stock, was recommended by some financial advisors as a strategic investment for clients seeking to profit from the tech giant’s perceived downturn. However, as Nvidia’s stock price surged, this leveraged inverse ETF led to substantial losses.

Leveraged and inverse ETFs like the T-Rex 2X are intended for short-term, tactical trades. Despite this, financial advisors recommended the product to customers without fully explaining the complexities and risks involved, particularly the daily resetting feature that compounds return over time. For investors who held the ETF for extended periods, this investment product’s inverse structure led to significant losses as Nvidia’s stock rose instead of falling.

Financial advisors have duties to recommend investments that are suitable to their clients and perform due diligence on the investment products they recommend and sell to investors. If your financial advisor recommended that you invest in T-Rex 2X Inverse Nvidia Daily Target ETF, you may have a claim to recover your investment losses.

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On November 5, 2024, Judge Paul G. Gardephe of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York denied Morgan Stanley’s motion to reconsider and, in a detailed opinion, reaffirmed his November 21, 2023 ruling that Morgan Stanley’s deferred compensation plans are ERISA plans.

Last year, Judge Gardephe held that Morgan Stanley’s Compensation Incentive Plan and Equity Incentive Plan are “individual account plans” for the purposes of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), a ruling that would require the Plans to comply with ERISA’s statutory protections for employee plan participants. On December 5, 2023, Morgan Stanley moved for “reconsideration and/or clarification” of the Court’s ruling, arguing that (i) the Court overstepped its authority and (ii) factual issues precluded the Court’s determination that Morgan Stanley’s Plans are governed by ERISA. On May 24, 2024 Morgan Stanley took the unusual step of seeking a writ of mandamus from the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, which the Second Circuit denied on August 27, 2024.

In his November 5, 2024 Order, Judge Gardephe examined Morgan Stanley’s arguments at length and rejected them, finding that Morgan Stanley’s contention that this Court committed “clear error” in deciding the ERISA coverage question is “disingenuous and incorrect” and that “[t]he issue of ERISA’s applicability to [Morgan Stanley’s] deferred compensation programs has been front and center since this lawsuit was filed in 2020.” Considering whether testimony proffered by Morgan Stanley in a separate arbitration precluded the Court’s determination that the Plans are governed by ERISA, Judge Gardephe found the testimony “irrelevant” because the question of whether a plan is governed by ERISA is determined from the plan documents. Judge Gardephe again rejected Morgan Stanley’s argument that the deferred compensation plans fall within the U.S. Department of Labor’s bonus regulation and reaffirmed his prior ruling that “Morgan Stanley’s deferred compensation programs are ERISA plans.”

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Lax & Neville LLP is investigating claims against brokerage firms for the sale of auto-callable notes to customers or investors.

An auto-callable note is a complex, highly risky structured product that can result in a complete loss of principal. Financial advisors at brokerage firms are highly incentivized to recommend these structured products to their customers despite the facts that these auto-callable notes may neither be suitable nor in the best interests for their customers.

Prior to recommending these investment products to investors, financial advisors are required to fully explain the details and risks of these complex investment products, such as, illiquidity due to the highly customized nature of the investment; market risk, including market volatility or changes in the underlying stock or index; and credit risks, including defaulting on its debt obligations, which could expose investors to lose some, or all, of the principal amount they invested as well as any other payments that may be due on the structured notes.

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Join Jenny Kim from The Gershman Group as she sits down with Brian Neville from Lax and Neville to discuss the latest retention package in the financial industry. They explore the unusual nature of KKR’s acquisition of Janney and what it means for financial advisors. Tune in to gain valuable insights into how this deal differs from past transactions and its potential impact on the industry.

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Recently, financial advisory firms have been getting slammed by lawsuits over deferred compensation and ERISA violations, with cases involving major players like Morgan Stanley, Merrill Lynch, and U.S. Bancorp. To help you navigate these turbulent waters, we sat down with Barry R. Lax, a founding partner of Lax & Neville LLP, who provided an in-depth analysis of these landmark cases. Barry’s expertise sheds light on the complexities and potential pitfalls of deferred compensation plans, offering crucial insights for financial advisors who might have deferred compensation coming their way.

In this episode, Barry explains the recent victories and defeats of these firms in arbitration and court battles, providing a detailed look at the legal strategies and outcomes. He discusses the implications of these cases for advisors, especially those dealing with deferred compensation and retirement plans protected by ERISA. Barry also shares practical advice on how advisors can protect their interests and navigate the legal landscape.

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On July 26, 2024, the Federal District Court in Charlotte, NC, granted Plaintiffs’ motion for conditional certification of a Fair Labor Standards Act (“FLSA”) collective of Bank of America (“BOA”) loan officers, which allows them to pursue their unpaid overtime claims against BOA on a collective basis.  The Court also authorized Plaintiffs to send a Notice to all the loan officers who are part of the FLSA collective informing them of the lawsuit and their right to join the lawsuit.  The Court’s Order can be viewed here.

Lax & Neville files FLSA overtime collective and class action against Bank of America on behalf of Loan Officers

Lax & Neville LLP has filed a federal lawsuit in the Western District of North Carolina against Bank of America Corporation and Bank of America N.A. (“BOA”) on behalf of loan or mortgage officers who worked in locations across the country.   The action for unpaid overtime and minimum wage is brought under the Fair Labor Standards Act (“FLSA”) and state labor statutes and seeks certification of an FLSA collective and class action.  On February 29, 2024, Plaintiffs filed an Amended Complaint adding additional state law claims.  The Amended Complaint can be viewed here.

 

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On April 30, 2024, a class action was filed against Merrill Lynch in the Western District Court of North Carolina to recover the deferred compensation that Merrill Lynch cancelled upon Plaintiffs’ voluntary resignation.  While we believe there are strong claims against Merrill Lynch for violation of ERISA, we believe that they must be arbitrated at FINRA.  See Regulatory Notice 16-25 here.  Lax & Neville is pursuing arbitration claims on behalf of former Merrill Lynch advisors for their cancelled deferred compensation comprised of both Long-Term Incentive (LTI) Cash Plans/WealthChoice and Restricted Stock Units (RSUs).

In a similarly situated class action, Shafer, et. al. v. Morgan Stanley, et. al., the Plaintiffs, former Morgan Stanley financial advisors, sued Morgan Stanley in December 2020 to recover their deferred compensation, which was cancelled by Morgan Stanley when those advisors voluntarily resigned.  Morgan Stanley moved to compel those advisors’ claims to FINRA arbitration.  On November 21, 2023, almost three years after the filing of the Complaint, the Federal Court granted Morgan Stanley’s motion requiring any Morgan Stanley advisor who wants to recover their deferred compensation to file FINRA arbitration claims against Morgan Stanley.  See the Court’s Order and Opinion here.  For more information on the Morgan Stanley decision, see here.

Our firm has extensive experience successfully pursuing deferred compensation claims in FINRA arbitration.  Most recently, we have won more than $35 million in unpaid deferred compensation, interest, costs, and attorneys’ fees for more than two dozen former Credit Suisse investment advisers, and we represent dozens of Morgan Stanley financial advisors seeking to recover their deferred compensation.

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On April 3, 2024, Lax & Neville LLP won a FINRA arbitration award on behalf of a 75-year-old retiree (“Claimant”) against E1 Asset Management, Inc., Shaun Joseph Grimaldi, and Ron Yehuda Itin (“Respondents”).  Respondents, who all have checkered regulatory histories, capitalized on Claimant’s trust and friendship for a decade to conceal their fraud and exercise complete control over his accounts, by investing in options and risky triple leveraged ETFs, on margin, and relentlessly churning his accounts for the sole purpose of generating $1,604,814 in commissions, interest and fees.  They accomplished this by making more than $341 million in trades, on margin, for an annual turnover rate of 13.2 and an average cost to equity ratio of 12.4%.   Respondents at all times acted with a willful intent to defraud Claimant, breached their fiduciary duties to him, and violated FINRA Rule 2111 (Suitability), SEC Regulation Best Interest (Reg BI), and FINRA Rule 3010 (Supervision).

After considering the pleadings, testimony and evidence presented at the hearing, the FINRA Arbitration Panel rejected Respondents’ defenses and unanimously awarded Claimant $2.6 million, which includes 100% of his fraudulent churning damages totaling $1,604,814, plus $577,610.25 in accrued interest, $420,000 in attorneys’ fees, $5,285.83 in discovery sanctions, and post-award interest. To view this Award, click here.

To discuss this FINRA arbitration award, please contact Barry Lax or Sandra Lahens at (212) 696-1999.

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On November 16, 2023, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York entered judgment on a FINRA Arbitration Award against Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, ordering it to pay more than $1.3 million to an investment advisor formerly employed by its now-closed US private bank.  See Opinion and Order here.

The claimant and nearly fifteen hundred other employees were terminated when Credit Suisse announced it was closing its US private bank in October 2015.  Credit Suisse unlawfully refused to pay $245 million in deferred compensation it owed to the advisors and claimant, like dozens of his colleagues, brought claims for breach of contract, breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, fraud, and unjust enrichment.  On February 02, 2023, a three-member FINRA Arbitration Panel found for the adviser and ordered Credit Suisse to pay claimant the full amount of his deferred compensation and prejudgment interest.

Credit Suisse moved to vacate in the Southern District.  The Court denied the motion, confirmed the award and entered judgment.

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Lax & Neville LLP has filed a federal lawsuit in the Western District of North Carolina against Bank of America Corporation and Bank of America N.A. (“BOA”) on behalf of loan or mortgage officers who worked in locations across the country.   The action for unpaid overtime and minimum wage is brought under the Fair Labor Standards Act (“FLSA”) and state labor statutes and seeks certification of an FLSA collective and class action.  The Complaint can be viewed here.

If you are a current or former BOA loan or mortgage officer who would like to speak to Lax & Neville about this matter, please click here.

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